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Recommended Reading List
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page8
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No.
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Title
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Author
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Publisher
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Spec pop
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Year
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71
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Mad cows, mad corn and mad communities: the role of socio-cultural factors in the perceived risk of genetically-modified food.
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Finucane, M. L.
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Proc Nutr Soc. 61(1), 31-7.
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General
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2002
Feb
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The rapid globalization of the world economy has increased the need for a knowledge base of reliable socio-cultural differences in perceptions, values and ways of thinking about new food technologies. Awareness of socio-cultural differences is important because collaborative efforts to deal with food hazards presuppose some understanding of where, how and why the viewpoints of various stakeholders may differ. In the present paper, factors that influence public perceptions of genetically-modified (GM) food are discussed, with a special focus on the unique circumstances of populations in the USA, Europe and developing countries. It is argued that effective communication and decision making about the risk of GM food depends critically on understanding how socio-cultural groups differ in their values and in the way they deal with the risks and benefits of new technologies. The implications of psychological aspects of perceived risk (including the roles of qualitative dimensions of risk, world views and trust) for public acceptance of new food technologies are highlighted.
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72
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Increasing ethnic minority participation in Alzheimer disease research
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Olin, J. T.
Dagerman, K. S.
Fox, L. S.
Bowers, B.
Schneider, L. S.
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Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 16 Suppl 2, S82-5.
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General
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2002
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The Alzheimer's Association and National Institutes of Health have emphasized the need for participation of racial/ethnic populations in Alzheimer disease (AD) clinical research. Many articles have described strategies to enhance participation including establishing enduring ties to the community and tailoring the site to be more culturally welcoming or user-friendly to the community. Yet, most of these reports are not data driven. To get a better indication of the knowledge base, this review summarizes research across a broad range of domains (e.g., cancer, kidney disease, AD) that used systematic approaches to identify methods and factors that reduce barriers to recruitment, participation, and retention of a more racially and ethnically diverse population. Overall, 121 reports were found with 8 of these in AD. As a relatively new area of investigation, the literature was primarily descriptive; outcome data were seldom provided. While these studies help to identify areas of potential importance in racial/ethnic participation, hypothesis-driven research remains necessary to tease apart the key techniques that engender racial/ethnic participation in AD studies. This article suggests several recommendations, including the need for prospective research of specific recruitment methods. Fundamentally, researchers should consider that these strategies apply to all potential research participants, and not simply to traditionally underserved racial/ethnic populations.
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73
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Increasing participation of minorities in cancer clinical trials: summary of the "Moving Beyond the Barriers" Conference in North Carolina
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Stark, N.
Paskett, E.
Bell, R.
Cooper, M. R.
Walker, E.
Wilson, A.
Tatum, C.
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J Natl Med Assoc. 94(1), 31-9.
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General
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2002
Jan
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A day-long seminar was held at Wake Forest University School of Medicine to address barriers among ethnic minorities in cancer clinical trials and explore ways that individuals who design and conduct clinical trials could increase minority representation. Speakers addressed implications of under-representation of minorities and identified barriers to minority participation. State-wide focus group results were presented and revealed suspicion of medical research among minorities and the need for bridging to minority communities to improve participation in cancer clinical trials. Working groups assembled and identified barriers specific to trial design, providers, and participants. Attendees were encouraged to devise strategies within their institutions to overcome barriers to minority participation.
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74
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Don't underestimate the power of culture
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Imes, S.
Landry, D.
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SCI Nurs. 19(4):172-6.
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General
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2002
Winter
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Integrating a client's health care beliefs into the plan of care is the first step in providing culturally congruent care. Since caring is largely defined within a cultural context, knowing how clients wish to be cared for, and knowing about their culture, is paramount for the nursing profession. Transcultural nursing, a specialized area within nursing, embraces the power of culture. Transcultural nurses recognize and utilize the role of culture in the provision of culturally congruent care. By the year 2060, non-Hispanic whites are projected to comprise about half of the U.S. population (49.4%). In the year 2000, an estimated 12% of registered nurses were from an identified minority group. Therefore, it is not surprising that the culture of nursing in the United States continues to reflect the predominant values of the non-Hispanic white or Anglo-American culture. Ethnocentrism and cultural imposition must be avoided. Three major health belief systems (biomedical, naturalistic, and magico-religious) are presented with emphasis on their influential power with respect to health care practices. Underestimating the power of culture may be harmful to the health of the client.
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75
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The forest retreat of orpul: A holistic system of health care practiced by
the Maasai tribe of East Africa
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Burford, G.
Rafiki, M. Y.
Ngila, L. O.
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J Altern Complement Med.7(5):547-51.
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African American
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2001
Oct
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The orpul healing retreat practiced by the Maasai of East Africa, in which decoctions of medicinal plants are taken with large quantities of meat, provides an example of a holistic indigenous system of primary health care. Most of the plants utilized in orpul medicines by the Maasai of
Eluwaii, northern Tanzania, have already been empirically demonstrated to possess pharmacologic activities in vitro and/or in vivo. In addition, the songs, meditation, and prayers that form part of the orpul experience are likely to contribute significantly to recovery, particularly in the case of psychosomatic and stress-related illness. This community-based health practice should be preserved and evaluated.
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76
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Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes, cardiac and renal diseases in the North centre region of Morocco
(Fez-Boulemane)
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Jouad, H.
Haloui, M.
Rhiouani, H.
El Hilaly, J.
Eddouks M.
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J Ethnopharmacol. 77(2-3):175-82.
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General
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2001
Oct
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In order to make an inventory of herbal remedies commonly used in the treatment of diabetes, hypertension and renal diseases in the North centre region of Morocco, 1527 patients (1095 diabetic patients, 274 with renal disorders and 158 with cardiac disorders) and 25 traditional herbal healers were interviewed in four different areas of
Fez-Boulemane region. More than 1153 of the total patients interviewed (76%) used regularly medicinal plants to treat diabetes, cardiac and renal diseases. These data showed that phytotherapy has always be practiced in this region. All the persons interviewed have indicated that the reasons of using phytotherapy is that the plant medicines are cheapest (54%) and more efficient (38%) than modern medicine. They also reported that the result of phytotherapy is better (72%). Our survey started at May 1997. About 90 plants were cited (54 plants for diabetes, 11 for cardiac diseases, 19 for hypertension and 33 for renal diseases). The plants reported have been identified and are presented in a table with the vernacular name, useful parts, ecological distribution and medicinal uses. Only 12% of the total patients have a relative knowledge of the toxic plants. The result indicated that nine plants are extremely toxic at high doses and chronic treatment. Fifty nine percent of the interviewers have indicated that they used medicinal plants from the experience of the other.
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77
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The challenge of culturally competent health care: Applications for asthma
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George, M.
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Heart Lung. 30(5):392-400.
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General
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2001
Sep-Oct
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To better serve the increasingly diverse ethnic and racial communities in the United States, health care professionals must develop a knowledge base of cultural health practices. In asthma, a common disease, ethnic minority populations experience poorer outcomes when compared with whites. It is, therefore, imperative that providers have an improved understanding of how patients make decisions concerning their health. Cultural health practices, in concert with conventional treatments, often form a comprehensive asthma management strategy for the patient. The potential implication of alternative explanations for disease, as well as the role of diet and botanical supplements, is explored in this article in an effort to increase providers' sensitivity to nonbiomedical models of disease causality. This sensitivity is the first step in developing cultural competency.
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78
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The terminally ill Muslim: Death and dying from the Muslim perspective
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Sarhill, N.
LeGrand, S.
Islambouli, R.
Davis, M. P.
Walsh, D.
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Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 18(4):251-5.
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International
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2001
Jul-Aug
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Islam holds life as sacred and belonging to God and that all creatures will die one day. Suicide is forbidden. Muslims believe death is only a transition between two different lives. The terminally ill Muslim desires to perform five ritual requirements. Do not resuscitate
(DNR) orders are acceptable. A deceased Muslim must always be buried after being ritually washed and wrapped. There are different Muslim schools of thought, but they are united regarding their views on death and dying.
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79
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Cultural competence for transracial adoptive parents
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Vonk, M. E.
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Soc Work. 46(3):246-55.
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General
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2001
July
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This article provides a clear conceptual definition of cultural competence for
transracial-cultural adoptive (TRA) parents based on an extensive review of the literature and feedback from both experts and parents. Following the differentiation of cultural competence as defined in the social work literature and cultural competence as applied to TRA parents, a three-part definition of cultural competence for TRA parents is presented. The article expands on each of three constructs: racial awareness, multicultural planning, and survival skills. In addition, it describes the process of beginning to operationalize the constructs. Finally, implications for social work practice, education, and research are suggested.
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80
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Emerging paradigms in the mental health care of refugees
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Watters, C.
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Soc Sci Med. 52(11):1709-18.
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General
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2001
June
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Over the past decade the approaches adopted towards the mental health care of refugees by a range of national and international healthcare
organizations have been the subject of a sustained and growing critique. Much of this critique has focused on the way in which Western psychiatric categories have been ascribed to refugee populations in ways which, critics argue, pay scant attention to the social, political and economic factors that play a pivotal role in refugees' experience. Rather than portraying refugees as "passive victims" suffering mental health problems, critics have argued that attention should be given to the resistance of refugees and the ways in which they interpret and respond to experiences, challenging the external forces bearing upon them. In this paper a range of issues concerning the mental health care of refugees will be examined. These include the role of psychiatric diagnosis in relation to refugees' own perceptions of their need and within the context of general health and social care provision. In examining services the emergence of new paradigms in mental health care is identified. These include the growth of holistic approaches that take account of refugees' own experiences and expressed needs and which address the broader social policy contexts in which refugees are placed. A three-dimensional model for the analysis of the interrelationship between "macro" level institutional factors in the mental health of refugees and the individual treatment of refugees within mental health services is proposed.
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