No.
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Title
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Author
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Publisher
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Spec pop
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Year
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51
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Feminist Perspectives on the Social Construction of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
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Richman, J. A.
Jason, L. A.
Taylor, R. R.
Jahn, S. C.
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Health Care Women Int. 21(3):173-85.
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General
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2000 Apr-May
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We contrast Western medical views of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) etiology, diagnosis, and treatment with views maintained by a predominantly female CFS population. We argue that the failure of Western medicine to demonstrate a viral etiology for CFS led to a paradigmatic shift in research perspectives, which then embraced psychiatric and socio-cultural explanations for CFS. As a result, CFS was delegitimized as a biomedical phenomenon within medical, academic, governmental, and public arenas. We compare alternative social constructions of CFS with issues pertaining to multiple sclerosis (MS), an illness that similarly predominates among women. Patient perspectives suggest that the history of medical attitudes toward CFS may eventually parallel the transformations that occurred in relation to MS. In particular, the discovery of biological markers for CFS may lay to rest the categorization of CFS as largely within the psychiatric realm.
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52
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Culturally Sensitive Social Work Practice with Arab Clients in Mental Health Settings.
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Al-Krenawi, A.
Graham, J. R.
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Health Soc Work. 25(1):9-22.
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International
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2000
Feb
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Several culturally specific practical considerations should inform social work interventions with ethnic Arab peoples in Arab countries or in Western nations. These include taking into account gender relations, individuals' places in their families and communities, patterns of mental health services use, and, for practice in Western nations, the client's level of acculturation. Such aspects provide the basis for specific guidelines in working with ethnic Arab mental health clients. These include an emphasis on short-term, directive treatment; communication patterns that are passive and informal; patients' understanding of external loci of control and their use of ethnospecific idioms of distress; and, where appropriate, the integration of modern and traditional healing systems.
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53
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Anthropological Perspectives on Injections: A Review.
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Reeler, A. V.
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Bull World Health Organ. 78(1):135-43
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General
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2000
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Qualitative studies from developing countries have pointed to the widespread popularity of injections. In addition to their use by formal and informal providers and traditional healers, there is now increasing evidence of the use of injections and injection equipment by lay people. Epidemiological research links the large number of unsafe injections to serious bloodborne infections such as viral hepatitis B and C and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The present article examines the reasons behind the demand for injections by consumers and the administration of unnecessary or unsafe injections by different types of provider. Interventions aimed at reducing the risk of unsafe injections are discussed in relation to cultural and social factors as well as those factors associated with health systems. Suggestions are made for approaches to the design of such interventions.
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54
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Cultural Considerations for Treatment of Childhood Obesity.
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Davis, S. P.
Northington, L.
Kolar, K.
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J Cult Divers. 7(4):128-32.
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General
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2000
Winter
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Childhood obesity has become one of the most common health problems facing children in America. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey reveal that ethnic minority children in the United States are at particular risk for development of cardiovascular disease due to their disproportionate levels of obesity. In treating childhood obesity among ethnic minorities, practitioners need to be mindful of the cultural norms surrounding body size. Additional concerns that must be addressed include the effects of target marketing of unhealthy foods toward ethnic minorities and environmental deterrents to outside physical activities, to name a few. Strategies given to address the problem of childhood obesity among ethnic minorities include, increasing the child's physical activity, reducing television viewing and the adoption and maintenance of healthy lifestyle practices for the entire family.
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55
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Saving Our Children: Strategies to Empower African-American Adolescents to Reduce Their Risk for HIV
Infection.
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Jemmott, L. S.
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J Natl Black Nurses Assoc. 11(1):4-14.
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African American
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2000
Jan
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Adolescence is normally a healthy period of life. For some young people it is a period of experimentation with risky behavior. For others, it marks the development of habitual risk behaviors that persist into adulthood. Of special concern is adolescent involvement with sexual behaviors that increase the risk of infection with HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Nurses who work with adolescents are seeing an increase in STDs, including HIV infection occurring disproportionately among African-American adolescents. Although the use of condoms can reduce the risk of these sexually transmitted diseases, most sexually active adolescents do not consistently use condoms. This paper will discuss the scope of the problem of STDs, especially HIV infection among African-American adolescents. It will describe the Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework for designing interventions to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV and other STDs. Finally, it will provide strategies for nurses to intervene by empowering African-American adolescents to reduce their risk for sexually transmitted HIV infection.
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56
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Hospice Access and Use by African Americans: Addressing Cultural and Institutional Barriers through Participatory Action Research.
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Reese, D. J.
Ahern, R. E.
Nair, S.
O'Faire, J. D.
Warren, C.
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Soc Work. 44(6):549-59.
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African American
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1999
Nov
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This article describes a participatory action research project addressing the problem of African American access to and use of hospice. Qualitative interviews conducted with six African American pastors resulted in the identification of major themes used for development of a scale to measure barriers to hospice. A subsequent quantitative study documenting these barriers was conducted with 127 African American and European Americans. Results of both studies, which were used to further social action efforts in the community, indicated the cultural barriers of differences in values regarding medical care and differences in spiritual beliefs between African Americans and European Americans. Results also indicated institutional barriers, including lack of knowledge of services, economic factors, lack of trust by African Americans in the health care system, and lack of diversity among health care staff. Implications for social work practice and policy are discussed.
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57
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The Culture of the Deaf.
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Stebnicki, J. A.
Coeling, H. V.
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J Transcult Nurs. 10(4):350-7.
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General
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1999
Oct
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The population of the United States includes over 1 million deaf people, the majority of whom have chosen to differentiate themselves in terms of a Deaf culture. These Deaf people share unique values and norms and use sign language for communication. The differences that exist between hearing and Deaf individuals necessitate that the nurse understand this population. This article will describe the Deaf culture using Leininger's Sunrise Model and present specific nursing actions in the modes of culture care preservation and/or maintenance, accommodation and/or negotiation, and repatterning or restructuring that enable the nurse to provide culturally congruent care for Deaf clients.
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58
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A Nightingale-based Model for Dementia Care and Its Relevance for Korean Nursing.
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Whall, A. L.
Shin, Y.
Colling, K. B.
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Nurs Sci Q. 12(4):319-23.
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International
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1999
Oct
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This article addresses the synchrony between a Western middle-range theory of care for persons with dementia and traditional Korean nursing care. The Western theory is called a need-driven, dementia-compromised behavior model and is heavily influenced by the assessment categories outlined in Nightingale's work. This model is presented as congruent with Nightingale's work and then viewed from the perspective of traditional Korean nursing. Several congruencies and a few incongruencies are found between these Western and Eastern views, and suggestions are made for greater consistency between these views.
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59
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Cultural Barriers to Asthma Management.
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Enarson, D. A.
Ait-Khaled, N.
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Pediatr Pulmonol. 28(4):297-300.
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General
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1999
Oct
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This article reviews published evidence which addresses the relevance of cultural factors in the delivery of health services for asthma patients. In addition, it suggests a framework within which further research could be carried out to advance our knowledge on this topic.
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60
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Native Women and Cancer.
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Kaur, J. S.
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Health Care Women Int. 20(5):445-53.
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Native American
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1999
Sep-Oct
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Literature regarding cancer patterns in American Indians and Alaska Native women is reviewed and attention is paid to promising research initiatives to improve cancer prevention and control as well as approaches to enhance exchange of knowledge through a new national resource center. Lung, breast, and colorectal cancer are the leading cause of cancer deaths in American Indians and Alaska Native women. There continues to be a disproportionate death rate from cervical cancer. Enhanced availability for breast and cervical cancer screening in conjunction with community education is showing promising trends toward reversing the patterns of late diagnosis. Communities can benefit from sharing their collective resources in a new national resource center called "Native
C.I.R.C.L.E." housed in the Mayo Cancer Center.
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