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Recommended Reading List - African American
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page1
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No.
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Title
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Author
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Publisher
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Spec pop
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Year
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5
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Cultural Factors in Preventive Care: African- Americans
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Witt, D.
Brawer, R.
Plumb, J.
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Prim Care Clin Office Pract, 29, 487-493
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African American
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2002
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The implications for healthcare practitioners in caring for African American patients in a culturally sensitive manner include: gaining trust, understanding the historical distrust of the health care system, understanding and employing the kinship web in decisions regarding screening and treatment, involving the church in developing and delivering prevention and care messages, asking patients about the meaning of words or phrases, asking patients about the use of alternative medicines and herbs, tailoring messages about prevention to depictions of real life situations, and paying attention to body language and other nonverbal communication.
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6
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Help-seeking Behaviors of Blacks and Whites Dying from Coronary Heart Disease
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Frayne, S. M. Crawford, S. L. McGraw, S. A. Smith, K. W. McKinlay, J. B.
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Ethn Health, 7(2), 77-86.
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African American
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2002
May
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This study sought to determine whether blacks and whites with life-threatening cardiac events differ in likelihood of help seeking, types of help sought, or likelihood of reaching the hospital before death. DESIGN: Death certificates were used to identify all coronary heart disease-related deaths occurring in 1988-89 among 45- to 74-year-old, black and white, non-institutionalized residents of three contiguous inner-city districts in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. An informant was interviewed about the decedent's health status, access to care and pre-mortal help-seeking behaviors. RESULTS: Among the 232 decedents analyzed, there were no racial differences in the likelihood of help seeking. Among those who sought help, there were no racial differences in the likelihood of reaching the hospital. However, blacks were more likely than whites to engage in two specific help-seeking behaviors: calling the 911 emergency system, and trying to reach an emergency room. CONCLUSION: In an area where blacks and whites were similar with respect to socioeconomic status and access to care, race did not affect the likelihood of help seeking or the likelihood of succeeding in reaching the hospital before death.
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7
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Social Support among African-American Adults with Diabetes, Part 2: A review
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Ford, M. E.
Tilley, B. C.
McDonald, P. E.
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J Natl Med Assoc. 90(7), 425-32.
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African American
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1998
July
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Diabetes mellitus affects African Americans in disproportionate numbers relative to whites. Proper management of this disease is critical because of the increased morbidity and mortality associated with poor diabetes management. The role of social support in promoting diabetes management and improved glycemic control among African Americans is a little-explored area. This review, the second in a two-part series, examines the relationship between social support and glycemic control among African-American adults with diabetes. The main findings of the study are that African Americans tend to rely more heavily than whites on their informal social networks to meet their disease management needs and that social support is significantly associated with improved diabetes management among members of this population. However, there remains a critical need to systematically include substantial numbers of African-American respondents in studies examining the relationship between social support and glycemic control. Only then can the effects of age, gender, socioeconomic status, and other variables on this relationship in African Americans become clear and interventions incorporating relevant aspects of social support be developed.
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16
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Health Status of African Americans.
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Dreeben, O.
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J Health Soc Policy. 14(1), 1-17.
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African American
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2001
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The health status of African Americans identifies a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and sexually transmitted infections when compared with Whites. However, more research is needed to identify socioeconomic variables and to establish needed health programs. The vestiges of early 20th century traditions of substandard housing and inadequate nutrition for African Americans are still apparent in many communities today. Most health care professionals are not educated and trained to be culturally sensitive. The struggle against the prevalence of diseases in African Americans must incorporate cultural sensitivity, community organization and empowerment. The need for a universal system of health insurance coverage is of utmost importance. The elimination of health disparities among African Americans requires a national effort, the involvement of public and private sectors, individuals and communities.
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26
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HIV Health Crisis and African Americans: A cultural perspective
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Plowden, K.
Miller, J. L.
James, T.
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ABNF J.,11(4), 88-93.
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African American
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2000
Jul-Aug
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While incidence of new HIV infections have decreased in the overall population, the numbers continue to rise in African-Americans creating a serious health emergency. Studies seem to imply that part of the rise is due to HIV beliefs and high risk behaviors among African Americans. Due to certain societal factors, African Americans appear to be at greater risk for contracting the virus. This article will examine these critical social factors and their impact on this current state of emergency in the African American community using Leininger's theory of Culture Care and Universality. Implications for health providers are also addressed.
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41
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Black Populations, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome, and Research: Implications for Nurses.
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Baker, S.
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Appl Nurs Res. 14(2):94-9.
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African American
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2001
May
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Knowledge that is generated from research is critical toward understanding the prevention, impact, and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). During the past several decades, the Black community has been disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Therefore, engaging their participation in HIV/AIDS research is necessary to understand the disease further and to develop strategies for nursing interventions. Many factors hinder Blacks from participating in HIV/AIDS research. This review provides information for nurses about problems related to recruitment and recommendations for recruiting Black participants for HIV/AIDS research. Copyright 2001 by
W.B. Saunders Company.
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47
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HIV Health Crisis and African Americans: A Cultural Perspective.
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Plowden, K.
Miller, J. L.
James, T.
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ABNF J. 11(4):88-93.
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African American
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2000 Jul-Aug
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While incidence of new HIV infections have decreased in the overall population, the numbers continue to rise in African-Americans creating a serious health emergency. Studies seem to imply that part of the rise is due to HIV beliefs and high risk behaviors among African Americans. Due to certain societal factors, African Americans appear to be at greater risk for contracting the virus. This article will examine these critical social factors and their impact on this current state of emergency in the African American community using Leininger's theory of Culture Care and Universality. Implications for health providers are also addressed.
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48
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Smoking Cessation among African Americans: What We Know and Do Not Know about Interventions and Self-quitting.
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Pederson, L. L.
Ahluwalia, J. S.
Harris, K. J.
McGrady, G. A.
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Prev Med. 31(1):23-38.
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African American
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2000
July
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BACKGROUND: Many studies on cessation interventions and self-quitting have been conducted, but few have focused on African Americans. The purpose of this review was to critically evaluate the available studies and make recommendations for future research. METHODS: Articles published from 1988 to 1998 were collected using Medline and other data bases, as well as personal communication. Studies were divided into two categories: evaluations of specific cessation interventions and examinations of self-quit behaviors and related factors. Studies were tabulated using author/year, study design/sample size, variables/results, and comments. RESULTS: In the intervention studies, church-based programs may provide an effective location for cessation interventions, but the studies to date did not demonstrate unequivocal effectiveness. In clinic programs, there do not appear to be any interventions that are particularly effective. In community-based interventions, there were no differences for African and Caucasian Americans. With regard to self-quitting, socio-demographic variables were similarly related to cessation as in the general population, as were smoking history variables. All other categories did not contain enough information for firm conclusions to be drawn. CONCLUSIONS: There are some interventions that appear to be useful, but little information is available on self-quitting. More research is needed on the natural history of quitting, on the social norms for smoking among African American groups, and on the conceptual dimensions of race in the context of this research. Copyright 2000 American Health Foundation and Academic Press.
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49
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Background and Principles of an African American Targeted National Anti-drug Campaign.
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Hannon, S. W.
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J Public Health Manag Pract. 6(3):65-71.
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African American
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2000
May
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This article provides a review of key African American community values drawn from the literature. Central to this article is how these values can be incorporated into anti-drug messages and materials targeted to African Americans as part of a national five-year campaign being implemented by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy and the Partnership for a Drug-Free America. The campaign is the first national campaign to base messages on behavioral science research and theories and subsequently uses research about targeted audiences to design prevention messages that are culturally relevant. Specific implications for the format and content of messages directed to African Americans are discussed.
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55
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Saving Our Children: Strategies to Empower African-American Adolescents to Reduce Their Risk for HIV Infection.
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Jemmott, L. S.
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J Natl Black Nurses Assoc. 11(1):4-14.
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African American
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2000
Jan
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Adolescence is normally a healthy period of life. For some young people it is a period of experimentation with risky behavior. For others, it marks the development of habitual risk behaviors that persist into adulthood. Of special concern is adolescent involvement with sexual behaviors that increase the risk of infection with HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Nurses who work with adolescents are seeing an increase in STDs, including HIV infection occurring disproportionately among African-American adolescents. Although the use of condoms can reduce the risk of these sexually transmitted diseases, most sexually active adolescents do not consistently use condoms. This paper will discuss the scope of the problem of STDs, especially HIV infection among African-American adolescents. It will describe the Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework for designing interventions to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV and other STDs. Finally, it will provide strategies for nurses to intervene by empowering African-American adolescents to reduce their risk for sexually transmitted HIV infection.
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